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Information on Medical Waste Neutralization and Utilization

Medical waste management must be carried out in accordance with the following legislative acts and regulated by the relevant laws:

The document on the management of medical waste, approved by Resolution No. 213 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated December 28, 2007 (https://e-qanun.az/framework/14433), clearly states that hazardous medical waste (Classes B, C, D) must only be neutralized.
According to the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan “On Waste” (Baku, June 30, 1998, No. 514-IQ) (https://e-qanun.az/framework/3186), the concepts of utilization and neutralization are explained in Chapter I, General Provisions. The law defines them as follows:

• Waste neutralization — treatment of waste in special facilities (including incineration or burial) to reduce its impact on the environment and human health.

• Waste utilization — extraction of useful materials and energy from waste to make them suitable for reuse.

Based on these explanations, it is evident that medical waste must not be reused, but only neutralized. Neutralization means incineration or burial.

Neutralization Process:

• Pathogenic microorganisms in medical waste must be destroyed.

• The waste is rendered safe for human health and the environment.

Utilization Process:

• Involves converting waste into reusable materials, energy, or other resources.

• This method is mainly applied to industrial or municipal solid waste.

• Medical waste, particularly infectious and pathological waste, is not suitable for reuse; therefore, utilization is not applicable here.

Conclusion:
Medical waste, especially infectious, pathological, and toxic types, must not be utilized but only neutralized. This is the most appropriate approach to minimize health and environmental risks.